Proportional Integral Controller for Two-Stage Battery Control Based on Bat Optimization Algorithm

Titilayo Oyedele, A. E. Airoboman

Abstract


This research presented the development of an optimized proportional Integral controller for two-stage battery system using Bat Optimization Algorithm (BOA) algorithm. Battery management involves regulating charging and discharging processes to maximize efficiency and extend battery lifespan.  Proportional Integral (PI) control technique is one of the classical control techniques that have been widely used for the regulation of battery charging and discharging processes. However, PI controller is able to stabilize the battery state of charge to some certain degree, but the root mean square error (RMSE) with respect to battery current control is not satisfactory due to uncertainties during the process of charging and discharging processes of battery. Thus, there is need to improve on the performance achieved with PI control technique in order to maximize efficiency and extend battery lifespan. To address this, this research presents an approach based on an optimized proportional Integral controller for two-stage battery system in order to enhance the regulation of battery charging and discharging processes while preventing energy overloads or deep discharges which would compromise the life of the battery itself. This problem was addressed in this research by developing optimized proportional Integral controller for two-stage battery system using BOA. Firstly, model of bi-directional converter for charging the two-stage battery system model was developed in Simulink. Then the PI controller was designed and the cost function was formulated in terms of PI gains before applying on the developed Simulink model. The performance of the developed optimized PI system was evaluated using battery reference control of in RMSE as performance metrics. The simulation results when the nominal current and load voltage were within the desired range of 20A and 48V showed that the developed BOA-PI obtained RMSE of 0.731. This resulted in 7.8% improvement in RMSE when compared to that of SISO-Fuzzy logic technique. This implies that the developed BOA-PI has a good battery reference control. This clearly shows the effectiveness of the developed controller in stabilizing the system as fast as possible. 


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