Enhancing Biodiesel Production: Comparative Study of the Catalytic Activity of Free and Immobilized Candida Rugosa Lipases

Abdulkarim Ali Deba, Nor Azimah Mohd Zain, Sulaiman Mohammed

Abstract


The existing problem of diminishing petroleum reserves has attracted attention as a potential threat to resources sustainability if large-scale use remained on going. Biodiesel fuel is better than the conventional diesel fuel in terms of its renewability, improved exhaust emissions, and biodegradability. While the production at industrial level favoured alkali-catalyzed process, it has inherent downsides, including difficulty in the recovery of glycerol and salt catalyst as well as the energy intensive nature of the process. Previously we reported the immobilization of Candida rugosa (Type VII, 1176 units/mg) lipase in PVA-AlginateSulphate beads with entrapment and cross linking method.In this study, enzyme assay of Candida rugosa (Type VII, 1176 units/mg) was conducted usig p-NPP as substrate for both free lipase and the immobilized form over 3 hours of reaction using spectrophotometer, absorbance read at 410nm.  Immobilized lipase in general maintained their activity after an hour of the reaction. At 0.4 and 0.5 M concentrations, both the free and the immobilized showed a steep fall with time. Reusability test of the immobilized lipase was also conducted in terms of biodiesel production by transesterification and found capable of maintaining a production of five consecutive cycles. A field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis was also carried out to study the immobilization matrix morphology before and after the reusability cycles which showed sign of lipase denaturation after 5 cycles.  


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