Effects of Pendimethalin on the Growth Parameters of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Varieties

Muhammad I. U., Ogbonna I. O., Oluma H.O. A., Jibril M. A., Salihu M. U., Badaru A. U., Murtala U. M., Oludare T. T.

Abstract


Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a high-value oilseed crop in Nigeria, yet weed competition during its slow early-growth phase causes 50–75% yield losses, threatening productivity and food security. Traditional manual hoe-weeding is labor-intensive and costly, while information on pendimethalin use in the Northern Guinea Savanna remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of pendimethalin concentrations on growth parameters of two sesame varieties (NCRIBEN 02M and E8). A field experiment was conducted in 2024 at the IAR farm, Samaru, Zaria, using a randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement with three replications. Main plots were the two varieties; sub-plots included pendimethalin at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ (pre-emergence), hoe-weeding (twice), and unweeded control. Growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, branches, leaf area, and chlorophyll content) were measured at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after sowing and analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan’s test at p ≤ 0.05. Hoe-weeding produced the highest values for most parameters, followed by 0.5 and 1.0 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ pendimethalin. Higher rates (1.5–2.0 kg) reduced growth due to phytotoxicity. NCRIBEN 02M outperformed E8 in height, leaf area, branches, and chlorophyll. Chlorophyll content was unaffected by treatments. Moderate pendimethalin rates provided effective weed control with minimal crop injury. The findings support integrated weed management using 0.5–1.0 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ pendimethalin or hoe-weeding, with NCRIBEN 02M recommended for the region. This enhances sesame productivity and sustainability. 


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