Analytical Approach to the Modelling and Optimal Parameter Estimation of Photovoltaic Modules using the L4P Model and Excel Optimization Framework: An Empirical Study in Potiskum, Nigeria

Abdullahi Madu, Sulaimon Shodiya, Shehu Abdulkadir Abdulrahman

Abstract


Accurate parameter estimation of photovoltaic (PV) modules is a prerequisite for system prediction and optimization. This study proposes an L4P single-diode model parameter estimation method that integrates analytical parameter extraction, least-squares fitting, and the Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) nonlinear optimization algorithm implemented in Microsoft Excel, with an empirical validation in the arid region of Potiskum, Nigeria. The method extracts initial parameters from manufacturer datasheets, applies irradiance and temperature corrections, and then uses the GRG algorithm to simultaneously optimize the photocurrent, diode reverse saturation current, series resistance, and ideality factor. Experimental validation was conducted using an AP-PM-330W monocrystalline module and an array tester under irradiance levels of 560–860 W/m² and tool for PV system design, performance evaluation, and maximum power point tracking (MPTT). 


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